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Unemployment Impact Model
Interactive Model

Net Economic Impact per Point of Unemployment

Adjust the slider to model the cumulative economic impact of each percentage point increase in unemployment across all sectors identified in the report. Coefficients are derived from Federal Reserve research, CBO data, and Okun's Law.

Methodology: This model uses empirical coefficients from peer-reviewed research and government data. Key anchors include Okun's Law (2% GDP loss per 1pp unemployment), Federal Reserve mortgage delinquency research (0.65pp delinquency increase per 1pp unemployment), and BLS wage data ($65K avg wage × 1.68M workers per pp). All dollar values are in 2025 USD. The model represents order-of-magnitude estimates, not precise forecasts.

Unemployment Increase

+5pp

percentage points above baseline

Moderate Scenario

8.40M

workers displaced

Mild
Moderate
Severe
Crisis

Quick Scenarios

Annual GDP Contraction

$2.90T

10.0% of U.S. GDP ($29T)

Federal Deficit Increase

$204.5B

New total deficit: $2.10T (7.3% of GDP)

Total Wealth Destruction

$7.50T

Housing + financial market losses combined

Workers Displaced

8.40M

5pp × 1.68M workers per point

Impact by Sector

Annual economic damage per sector at +5pp unemployment increase

$0.0B$1.50T$3.00T$4.50T$6.00TFinancialMarketsGDP LossHousingCREBudget DeficitSocial Costs

Detailed Breakdown by Impact Area

Expand each category to see the sub-components and their individual contributions.

Federal Budget Deficit

Combined revenue loss (income + payroll taxes) and new mandatory spending (UI, Medicaid, SNAP) per percentage point of unemployment.

$204.5B

at +5pp

GDP Contraction (Okun's Law)

Per Okun's Law, each 1pp rise in unemployment corresponds to approximately a 2% decline in GDP (~$580B on a $29T economy).

$2.90T

at +5pp

Housing Market Wealth Loss

Each 1pp unemployment increase causes approximately a 0.8% decline in home prices, destroying ~$376B in household wealth across the $47T residential real estate market.

$1.88T

at +5pp

Commercial Real Estate Value Loss

Each 1pp unemployment vacates ~100M sq ft of office space, reducing rental income by ~$3.5B and destroying ~$42B in CRE asset value (at a 12× income multiple).

$210.0B

at +5pp

Financial Market Wealth Loss

A 1pp unemployment spike historically correlates with a ~2.5% S&P 500 decline, destroying ~$1.125T in market capitalization and ~$450B in household retirement savings.

$5.63T

at +5pp

Social & Second-Order Costs

Includes public health costs (mental health, uninsured ER visits), crime costs, and state/local government revenue shortfalls per percentage point of unemployment.

$162.5B

at +5pp

Scenario Comparison

Side-by-side comparison of all four displacement scenarios across every impact category.

Impact Area
Mild Disruption+2pp
Moderate Displacement+5pp
Severe Displacement+10pp
Mass Displacement+15pp
Workers Displaced3.4M8.4M16.8M25.2M
Budget Deficit
$81.8B$204.5B$409.0B$613.5B
GDP Loss
$1.16T$2.90T$5.80T$8.70T
Housing
$752.0B$1.88T$3.76T$5.64T
CRE
$84.0B$210.0B$420.0B$630.0B
Financial Markets
$2.25T$5.63T$11.25T$16.88T
Social Costs
$65.0B$162.5B$325.0B$487.5B
Total Annual Impact$4.39T$10.98T$21.96T$32.95T

* Note: GDP loss and financial market losses are not strictly additive — some overlap exists. Total row represents the sum of all modeled categories for comparison purposes.

Per Single Percentage Point: The Unit Cost of Unemployment

Every single percentage point of unemployment increase carries the following baseline annual cost to the U.S. economy.

$40.9B

Budget Deficit

per 1pp unemployment increase

$580.0B

GDP Loss

per 1pp unemployment increase

$376.0B

Housing

per 1pp unemployment increase

$42.0B

CRE

per 1pp unemployment increase

$1.13T

Financial Markets

per 1pp unemployment increase

$32.5B

Social Costs

per 1pp unemployment increase

Model compiled by Manus AI · March 2026 · Based on BLS, CBO, Federal Reserve, and peer-reviewed economic research. Values represent order-of-magnitude estimates for policy planning purposes.